What's the difference between a Level 1 and Level 2 ultrasound?
A Level 1 ultrasound can determine the number of fetuses, where
they're positioned, size, placental location, amniotic fluid volume,
and any grossly evident abnormalities. A Level 2 ultrasound is a
more detailed examination that focuses closely on fetal anatomy
with the specific aim of identifying any malformations. A perinatiologist
will interpret all Level 2 ultrasound images with the patient during
the test.
What is ultrasound?
Available today in every major hospital and in many doctor's offices,
ultrasound is used in almost every field of medicine. This technology
has become extremely valuable in the health care of women, both
in gynecology - the overall health care of a woman's reproductive
organs and breasts - and during pregnancy and childbirth. Ultrasound
is a diagnostic exam that uses high frequency sound waves to visualize
gynecological organs and fetal structures. The sound waves used
are of a frequency too high to be heard by the human ear. By reflecting
off internal organs and being "read" by scanners, the sound waves
create pictures of the internal organs and, during pregnancy, the
fetus. Ultrasound differs from X-rays in that it uses sound instead
of X-rays, making it safer for the fetus as well as the mother.
Doppler and Vaginal ultrasound in pregnancy
In addition to the above uses, Doppler ultrasound is used in pregnancy
to monitor the fetal heart rate before or during labor. The fetal
heartbeat can indicate the well-being of the baby. Doppler ultrasound
is also used to measure the flow of blood within vessels of the
uterus, fetus, and umbilical cord, which connects the fetus and
the placenta.
Vaginal ultrasound is sometimes used during pregnancy to find
the cause of bleeding or pain. It can also be used to diagnose an
ectopic pregnancy (in which the fertilized egg has begun to grow
in a place other than inside the uterus, such as in a fallopian
tube), or to find certain types of birth defects in the fetus early
in pregnancy.
Safety, Risks and Benefits
Although the effects of ultrasound will continue to be studied,
no harmful effects to either the woman or the fetus have been found
in over 20 years of use. The long-term risks of ultrasound, if any,
are unknown, but there are many benefits. It does not involve harmful
radiation, drugs, dyes, or chemicals, and it can detect certain
problems accurately and often rapidly.
Combined with other tests and exams, ultrasound can help your
doctor make an accurate diagnosis and determine proper treatment
for certain problems, helping to promote your good health and well-being.
